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Uterine fibroids are among the most common gynecologic conditions affecting people with a uterus—and one of the more frequently overlooked causes of fertility challenges. As reproductive endocrinologists and minimally invasive gynecologic (MIG) surgeons here at Fertility Centers of Illinois, we see firsthand how fibroids affect fertility, how often the connection goes unrecognized, and how much is possible once we have a complete picture. Here’s what you need to know. 

“One of the most common things I hear from patients is that they wish someone had connected the dots sooner, shares Edward Nguyen, M.D., Ph.D., fertility specialist and MIGs surgeon at FCI. “Fibroids are so common, and their connection to fertility is so underrecognized. The evaluation is not complex. What changes when you have answers is significant.” 

What are uterine fibroids? 

Uterine fibroids—clinically known as leiomyomas—are noncancerous growths of smooth muscle that develop in or on the uterus. They can range from tiny and undetectable to large enough to change the shape of the uterine cavity. 

Uterine fibroids are extremely common. By age 50, more than 70 percent of people with a uterus will develop them. Black women are disproportionately affected—an estimated 8 in 10 Black women will develop fibroids, often at earlier ages and with more severe symptoms. That disparity matters, and addressing it starts with early evaluation and access to real answers. 

How do fibroids cause infertility? 

There are three main types of uterine fibroids, and location determines how much they affect fertility: 

  • Submucosal fibroids develop inside the uterine cavity, just beneath the lining. These have the greatest impact on fertility—they limit the space for embryo implantation and can cause early pregnancy loss. Removal is almost always recommended before attempting conception. 
  • Intramural fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. Smaller ones that don’t distort the cavity may not require treatment, but larger ones can affect how the uterus functions and reduce implantation rates. 
  • Subserosal fibroids grow on the outside of the uterus. They’re less likely to directly affect implantation—but they can cause significant symptoms, including pelvic pain, pressure, and heavy bleeding. 

Some people with fibroids have no symptoms at all. Others experience heavy or prolonged periods, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, or difficulty conceiving. If any of these sound familiar, an evaluation is worth scheduling. 

The RE + MIG Surgeon Advantage at FCI 

What makes fibroids treatment at FCI different is that reproductive endocrinologists and MIG surgeons work together as part of the same team. That matters for patients who need both fertility treatment and surgical intervention—your care plan is coordinated, not handed off between providers who don’t know each other’s thinking. 

Our MIGs surgeon, Edward Nguyen, M.D., Ph.D., can perform hysteroscopy and laparoscopic myomectomy in-office and at affiliated surgical centers. Hysteroscopic myomectomy—removal of submucosal fibroids through the cervix—is one of the most effective and least invasive procedures available, and our team has deep experience with it. 

What does insurance cover for fibroids treatment in Illinois?

Illinois has one of the strongest fertility insurance mandates in the country. As of January 1, 2026, all group health plans that include pregnancy benefits must cover infertility diagnosis and treatment—and that can include evaluation and fibroids treatment when they are contributing to fertility challenges. The mandate applies regardless of employer size, and it explicitly includes LGBTQIA+ individuals and single parents. 

A Financial Educator on our team can review your specific plan before you begin and help you understand exactly what’s covered. That conversation is part of care—not an add-on. 

Fibroids treatment options at FCI 

  • Hysteroscopic myomectomy—removal of submucosal fibroids through the cervix using a hysteroscope, with no external incisions. Strong evidence for improved implantation rates. 
  • Laparoscopic myomectomy—minimally invasive removal of intramural or subserosal fibroids using small incisions. Shorter recovery, uterus intact. 
  • Abdominal myomectomy—for more extensive fibroid burdens requiring open surgery. Fertility preserved. 
  • IVF—for some patients, in vitro fertilization is the most direct path to pregnancy, either after myomectomy or as a standalone approach. 

Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or in the middle of fertility treatment and wondering if fibroids are part of the picture—our team is here. 

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Frequently asked questions : Uterine fibroids

Yes. Many people with fibroids conceive and carry healthy pregnancies. Whether fibroids are contributing to your fertility challenges depends on their type, size, and location. A comprehensive evaluation—imaging plus a consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist—is the best way to get a clear answer. 

Heavy periods, pelvic pressure, pain during intercourse, or unexplained difficulty conceiving are all reasons to schedule an evaluation. Some people are entirely asymptomatic. The only way to know is to get evaluated—and it doesn’t require a referral to come in. 

The full picture isn’t completely understood, but research points to a combination of genetic factors, hormonal differences, and the compounding effects of chronic stress and systemic health inequities. Black women are also more likely to have severe symptoms diagnosed later—which is part of why Fibroid Awareness Month matters. If you’ve been dismissed or undertreated elsewhere, we want to be a different experience. 

Yes. July is Fibroid Awareness Month, and it’s an important moment to bring awareness to a condition that affects millions of people—disproportionately Black women—and that too often goes undiagnosed or undertreated. If you’ve had symptoms and haven’t had an evaluation, this is a good time to take that step. 

Medical contribution by Edward Nguyen, M.D., Ph.D.

Edward Nguyen, M.D., Ph.D., is dedicated to helping patients fulfill their dreams of parenthood. As both a minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon (MIGS) and reproductive endocrinologist, he brings a unique expertise to best support his patients throughout their family-building journey. At Fertility Centers of Illinois, Dr. Nguyen focuses on enhancing surgical outcomes by using minimally invasive techniques that reduce or eliminate incisions, leading to improved patient recovery and overall experience.

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In recognition of Black History Month, Dr. Channing Burks Chatmon is raising awareness and creating a dialogue about infertility in the black community. Join Dr. Burks Chatmon as she shares valuable insights about fertility for Black women and couples like common diagnoses that can lead to infertility, tips for finding a doctor you can trust, and how to improve your chances of conceiving.

FAQ: Fertility for Black women and couples

Discussing fertility for Black women and couples is essential because Black women experience higher rates of certain reproductive health conditions and infertility risk factors, yet often have less access to fertility care or delay seeking care, which leads to being diagnosed later, which impacts reproductive outcomes. Research shows disparities in evaluation, treatment, and outcomes for infertility in Black women. Increasing awareness supports earlier intervention, informed decision-making, and improved access to fertility care for Black women and couples.

Some of the most common causes of infertility in Black women include uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other ovulatory disorders and tubal factor infertility. These conditions can affect fertility, but early diagnosis and individualized treatment can significantly improve outcomes.

If you suspect fertility challenges, consider asking:

  • Is my menstrual cycle normal?
  • Should I be evaluated for fibroids, PCOS, or other causes of infertility?
  • What fertility tests are appropriate based on my age and medical history?
  • When should my partner be evaluated?
  • What treatment options are available if an issue is identified?

Open communication with your physician is a critical part of fertility care for Black women.

Finding a physician who listens, explains options clearly, and respects patient concerns is especially important in fertility care. Women may benefit from seeking providers with experience caring for diverse patient populations. Scheduling a consultation, asking direct questions, and assessing whether you feel heard and supported can help determine if a provider is the right fit.

Fibroids are benign (noncancerous) tumors of the uterus that develop from the uterine muscle. Black women are more likely to develop fibroids at a younger age, have larger or multiple fibroids, and experience more severe symptoms. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics and hormonal factors are believed to play a role.

Fibroids can affect fertility depending on their size and location. Some fibroids may interfere with embryo implantation, distort the uterine cavity, block fallopian tubes, or increase miscarriage risk. Not all fibroids impact fertility, but in cases where they do, treatment may improve the chance of conception.

Symptoms may include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, abdominal bloating, frequent urination, constipation, or painful periods. Some women with fibroids have no symptoms, which is why regular gynecologic care is important for early detection.

Fibroids are typically diagnosed through a pelvic exam and confirmed with imaging, most commonly ultrasound. In some cases, a saline sonogram or MRI may be used for more detailed evaluation, especially when fertility or surgical planning is involved.

Weight can influence hormone regulation, ovulation, and menstrual regularity. Both excess weight and being underweight can contribute to infertility by disrupting normal reproductive hormone function. Weight can also worsen conditions such as PCOS, which is a common cause of infertility in Black women.

Rather than focusing on a specific number, women should aim for a weight that supports hormonal balance, regular ovulation, and overall health. Individualized guidance from a physician is important, as healthy weight ranges vary between patients.

A fertility-supportive diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and iron-rich foods. Reducing intake of highly processed foods, excess sugar, and alcohol may support reproductive health. Sustainable, balanced nutrition is more beneficial than restrictive dieting.

Moderate, consistent physical activity — such as walking, strength training, yoga, swimming, or cycling — supports overall health and fertility. Most women benefit from approximately 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. Excessive or high-intensity exercise may negatively affect ovulation in some individuals.

Weight management should prioritize long-term health rather than rapid changes. Stress reduction, adequate sleep, and mental well-being are equally important factors in fertility. A compassionate, individualized approach leads to more sustainable results.

Infertility is common and affects many individuals and couples. Fertility challenges are not a personal failure. Partner evaluation is also important, as male factor is found on evaluation just as commonly as a female factor. There are many effective treatment options that are available and early evaluation often leads to better outcomes.

Fertility challenges can be emotionally difficult, but help is available. With the right evaluation, support, and care team, many women and couples are able to achieve their family-building goals. Advocating for yourself and seeking care early are powerful steps forward.

The Time to Talk Fertility podcast releases new episodes monthly and is available on Apple Podcasts, iHeartRadio, Stitcher, Tune In, Google Play and Spotify.

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Medical contribution by Channing Burks Chatmon, M.D.

Dr. Channing Burks Chatmon is a reproductive endocrinologist and board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist who is passionate about supporting and guiding patients with personalized and evidence-based treatment options to fulfill their dream of having a family.

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Optimizing your reproductive health starts with everyday choices like incorporating fertility-boosting supplements. They can play a helpful role in supporting egg quality, sperm function, and preparing your body for pregnancy. Still, with the flood of products available—each promising big results—it’s easy to feel overwhelmed when trying to choose what’s truly right for you.

Dr. Jennifer Hirshfeld Cytron, reproductive endocrinologist at Fertility Centers of Illinois, offers a simple breakdown of the do’s and don’ts when it comes to fertility supplements so you can make informed choices as you start or grow your family.

DO: Look for the Right Nutrients

Certain vitamins and nutrients play essential roles in reproductive health and fetal development. Here are the big players:

  • Folic Acid: One of the most important nutrients before and during early pregnancy. It helps prevent neural tube defects, which develop in the first few weeks of pregnancy, often before you even know you’re pregnant.
  • DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid): An omega-3 fatty acid that supports fetal brain and eye development.
  • Choline: Often overlooked, choline supports fetal brain development and enhances DHA absorption. It’s not included in all prenatals, so check the label!
  • CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10): This antioxidant is often recommended to support egg and sperm quality.
  • Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption, bone health, immune function, and hormone balance.

DON’T: Assume All Supplements Are Created Equal

Not all supplements are formulated with the same quality or care. Watch out for:

  • Low ingredient accuracy: What’s on the label isn’t always what’s in the bottle because nutrients can degrade or lose potency, leaving you with less of the active ingredient than promised. Unfortunately, the supplement industry isn’t as tightly regulated as pharmaceuticals, so there’s no guarantee that what you’re taking matches what’s advertised. Look for brands that are third-party tested to ensure what you’re taking is both accurate and safe.
  • Poor bioavailability: Some supplements include nutrients in forms that aren’t easily absorbed by the body. Some ingredients, like certain forms of vitamins or minerals, are more bioavailable because they’re easier for the body to process. On the other hand, some supplements may have lower bioavailability due to factors like their chemical form, size, or the presence of other ingredients that interfere with absorption. Therefore, even if a supplement contains a high dose of a nutrient, if your body can’t absorb it efficiently, you won’t get the full benefits.

DO: Choose Supplements That Meet Medical Guidelines

Did you know that most prenatal vitamins don’t meet the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines for key nutrients like choline and iron? It’s always a good idea to cross-reference your supplement’s ingredient list with ACOG’s recommendations—or better yet, ask your doctor for a professional opinion.

DON’T: Overdo It on Dosage

More isn’t always better. High doses of certain vitamins can actually be harmful in pregnancy. Stick with products that offer the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) unless directed otherwise by a healthcare provider.

Look for labels that indicate safe, appropriate levels of:

  • Folic Acid (400–800 mcg)
  • DHA (1000 mg)
  • Choline (400-500 mg)
  • Vitamin D (600–2000 IU)
  • Iron (27 mg)
  • CoQ10 (400-600 mg)

DO: Talk to Your Doctor Before Starting a New Supplement

Everyone’s body is different, and so are their nutritional needs. If you have underlying conditions like PCOS, thyroid issues, or a history of infertility, your supplement strategy might need to be tailored to you. Additionally, supplements can impact how you metabolize medications we are prescribing in unpredictable ways. It’s essential to talk to your doctor before starting any new supplements to prevent unwanted interactions with medications and to help you personalize your approach.

Choosing the Right Prenatal

Fertility supplements can be a powerful tool in your conception journey—but only when chosen wisely. Look for quality ingredients, proper dosages, and brands you can trust. And remember, supplements should complement a healthy diet and lifestyle, not replace them.

FCI’s Recommended brands: 

  • Luminary Vitamins (gummies, vegan, gluten-free) 
  • Theralogix 
  • One a Day Prenatal Advanced with Choline 
  • Nature Made Prenatal with DHA 
  • Zahler (kosher, gluten-free) 

If you’re ever unsure, your care team is your best source for evidence-based guidance. When it comes to starting a family, it’s worth getting it right from the very beginning.

Medical contribution by Jennifer Hirshfeld-Cytron, M.D.

Dr. Hirshfeld-Cytron is board certified in both Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and has been practicing medicine since 2004. She completed her Obstetrics and Gynecology residency at the University of Chicago, and then completed her three-year fellowship in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility at Northwestern.

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If you’re exploring fertility treatments, you’ve likely come across two common options: intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Both aim to help people conceive, but they vary in terms of procedure, success rates, and cost. Understanding these differences can help you feel more informed and empowered as you take the next steps on your fertility journey. Dr. Arlene Go breaks down how IUI and IVF work, what to expect from each, and how to determine the best path forward.

What Is IUI?

IUI is a simpler, less invasive fertility treatment that places specially prepared sperm directly into the uterus around ovulation. This process helps bring healthy sperm closer to the egg, increasing the chances of fertilization.

Doctors often pair IUI with oral medications like Clomid or Letrozole, which stimulate the ovaries to produce more follicles, improving the chances of pregnancy. Before the procedure, sperm goes through a process called sperm washing, which removes immobile sperm, white blood cells, and any potentially harmful elements like bacteria—leaving behind the healthiest, most active sperm for insemination.

Who Might Consider IUI?

IUI can be a first-line treatment. Some insurance companies even require patients to attempt IUI before approving coverage for IVF, making it a first step for many individuals and couples.

What Is IVF?

IVF is a more advanced fertility treatment that offers higher success rates than IUI. The process involves retrieving eggs from the ovarian follicles, fertilizing the eggs with sperm in a laboratory, assessing for embryo development, and transferring a healthy embryo into the uterus.

The process starts with ovarian stimulation, where injectable fertility medications help the ovaries produce multiple follicles. Once the follicles are ready, a trigger injection helps to mature and release the eggs, which are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure. Any mature eggs retrieved from the ovarian follicles are fertilized with specially prepared sperm in a lab. If male factor infertility or previous fertilization issues are a concern, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. This technique injects a single sperm directly into an egg to increase the chances of fertilization.

The fertilized eggs then develop into embryos, which are carefully monitored over several days. Ideally, they reach the blastocyst stage around day five—a critical milestone where the embryo has grown to over 100 cells, improving the likelihood of implantation.

When the embryos are ready, the most viable one is selected for transfer to maximize the chances of pregnancy. Any remaining embryos can be frozen for future use, giving you more opportunities to grow your family.

Who Might Consider IVF?

IVF is recommended when other treatments like IUI haven’t been successful or as a first step in cases of advanced maternal age and for more complex fertility cases such as blocked fallopian tubes, severe male factor infertility, diminished ovarian reserve, and severe endometriosis. It’s also an option for those who need third-party reproductive assistance, such as donor eggs, sperm, or gestational carrier, as well as those who desire genetic testing of embryos (PGT) or are pursuing fertility preservation through egg freezing.

Key Differences Between IUI and IVF

Fertility treatments aren’t just different in procedure—they vary in timelines, medications, monitoring, and success rates, too. For example, injectable medications aren’t routinely used for IUI like they are for IVF.

IVF also requires more monitoring, with frequent bloodwork and ultrasounds to track how your body responds to medication and to determine the best timing for key steps.

One of the biggest differences is success rates. Depending on diagnosis, IUI has about a 10-15% pregnancy rate per cycle, while IVF offers a higher pregnancy rate of 50–60%. Age plays a major role in both treatments, and for women over 40 using their own eggs, the success rates tend to be lower. However, using donor eggs in an IVF cycle can significantly improve the chances of success.

**FCI 2025

Choosing the Right Path for You

The decision between IUI and IVF depends on your unique medical history, fertility goals, and personal circumstances. At Fertility Centers of Illinois, we provide personalized treatment plans to help you find the best path forward.

To explore which option is right for you, schedule a consultation with one of our fertility specialists. We’re here to support you every step of the way.

Medical contribution by Arlene A. Go, M.D.

Arlene Go, M.D., is dedicated to guiding patients through the complexities of fertility treatment with a blend of cutting-edge medical advancements and compassionate care. Her individualized approach ensures that each patient’s treatment plan is uniquely tailored to their specific circumstances and goals, maximizing their chances of achieving parenthood. 

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Starting fertility treatment can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. This episode of Time to Talk Fertility covers everything you need to know about preparing for your journey with three experts on fertility care including:

Dr. Arlene Go: A reproductive endocrinologist

Arelia: A financial educator helping patients understand the costs of care

Erin: A patient sharing her firsthand experiences and insights

Together, they discuss practical advice, debunk common misconceptions, and provide encouragement for anyone starting their fertility journey. Topics include what to expect during consultations, key medical evaluations, understanding costs, emotional preparation, and much more.

Whether you’re just beginning to explore fertility care or are deep into the process, this episode is packed with tips, guidance, and inspiration to support you along the way.

Tune in to learn from experts and hear a story of resilience and hope from someone who’s been there.

During this podcast, we will discuss:

  • Let’s start with introductions. Can everyone explain who they are and your role at Fertility Centers of Illinois?
  • What advice would you give to someone just starting this process?
  • What are some big fears or misconceptions going into fertility treatment?
  • What can a patient expect during their initial doctor consult and what should they prepare ahead of time?
  • What advice do you have for patients about understanding the cost of treatment and figuring out their insurance coverage for fertility care?
  • What factors should a patient look for when choosing a fertility clinic?
  • What support does Fertility Centers of Illinois offer to support patients on their fertility journey?
  • Why see a fertility specialist sooner than later?
  • Could you offer some guidance or encouragement for those in the fertility community?

Dr. Go:

  • What are the most important medical tests or evaluations for someone beginning fertility treatment?
  • What lifestyle or health factors can patients focus on to improve their chances of success?
  • When should someone see a specialist?

Financial Educator:

  • What are the most important financial considerations for someone planning fertility treatment?
  • How can patients best research and understand the costs of fertility treatment?
  • How do you support patients who feel financially overwhelmed by the financial aspects treatment?

Patient:

  • Why did you choose Fertility Centers of Illinois to pursue fertility treatment?
  • What were some unexpected challenges you encountered during fertility treatment and how did you overcome those challenges?
  • How did you prepare emotionally for the journey?

The Time to Talk Fertility Podcast releases new episodes monthly and is available on Apple Podcasts, iHeartRadio, Pandora, Tune In, and Spotify.

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Are you thinking about starting a family someday, but unsure where to begin? Dr. Channing Burks Chatmon joins the Time to Talk Fertility podcast to divulge expert insights about the complex world of fertility. From age and lifestyle choices to medical conditions and environmental factors, this episode provides essential information for anyone contemplating their future family plans. Whether you’re trying to conceive or just exploring your options, this episode is a must-listen.

  • Why is it important to start thinking about planning for your future family?
  • What are the key factors that influence fertility for both men and women?
  • What types of fertility tests are available for individuals and couples, and what can they tell us?
  • When is the best time to undergo fertility testing, and how early should one start?
  • What are some common fertility issues that individuals and couples might face, and how can they be addressed?
  • How do medical conditions such as PCOS, endometriosis, or diabetes impact fertility, and what treatments are available?
  • How do lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress impact fertility?
  • How can genetic testing play a role in family planning, and what should prospective parents know about it?
  • What options are available for preserving fertility and who should consider them?
  • What specific factors affect male fertility, and what tests and treatments are available for men?
  • What are some alternative family-building options, such as surrogacy, and what should prospective parents know about them?
  • How is technology advancing the field of fertility and family planning, and what innovations should we be aware of?
  • What are some emerging trends and future directions in the field of fertility and family planning?

The Time to Talk Fertility Podcast releases new episodes monthly and is available on Apple Podcasts, iHeartRadio, Pandora, Tune In, and Spotify.

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